Compound turbine-engine.



T. W. GREEN.

COMPOUND TURBINE ENGINE.

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LHLLH r 10 ML I I I l I v l /fNvEN-ron wrrNEssE's THMAS W. GREEN, 0F PHILADELPH,PENNSYLVANIA.

CMPOUND TURBIi'E-ENGINE.

messes.

Speccation of Letters .Patent t', tuto.

.Applicationv lerl February 10, 1915. Serial No. 7,253..

ing turbine blades so as to receive and reflect a steam jet which has impinged against a blade, diverting it from the front of the following blade and, preferably directing it againsty the surface upon which it had just previously impinged.

A further purpose of my `invention is to I vary the steam supply to a. disk turbine by a rotatable cylindrical cut-oil' within the steam inlet space of the turbine.

lA'further purpose of my invention is to provide rounded inlet approach surfaces for the steam passages of a disk turbine at the same time that the extent of opening of Kthese rounded passages may be varied.

l prefer to illustrate my invention by but two of the rmany forms thereof in which it y may obviously be used, selecting two which arepractical, eiicient and relatively inex pensive and which at the same time well.

I illustrate the -principles thereof.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a turbine, transverse to the shaft, the view being broken away-successively to show verticalv Lsections of one forni of my invention. Fig. 2 is a section of the structure of Fig'. 1 upon line 2-2 thereof, looking in the direction of the arrows. Figs. 3 and Llare fragmentary enlarged vertical sections taken upon lines 3-3 and el-4 respectively of Fig. 2, both looking in the same direction and corresponding in construction to two of the sec-y tions shown in Fig. 1. Fig'. 5 is aofragmentary lsection correspondingv to Fig. 4, showing' a. modification. Iigft is a frage mcntary section upoulin 6 6 of Fig.' 2.

Similar numerals" of reference indicate like parts.'

I will first describe the construction illus-v tratedz-Upon the base 10 is mounted a ysemi-.cylindrical lower casing 11, having` bearing'eXtensionsvlQV and supporting a coope ating semi-cylindrical upper kvcasing comprising" end plates 13, 13 anlan intermediate half ring 14. They are held together byvbolts 1.5.1 The lowencasing vreceives antidriction bearing metal at 16, which is heldl in place by caps 12. The

shaft 17' rests 'in this bearing v metal and passes through stuthnn' boxes 18 of any con- Veni-ent forni. About the shaft 17 and within the semi-cylindrical casings, I place two facing partition supports 19, 19 which are preferabl)7 identical but placed right and left, facing each other. I lThey do not` rotate but are secured to the casing as by Vbolts 20. U pon the shaft is keyed the hub 21 of disk 22. For convenience l hare arbitrarily considered one side as forward and the other as reverse and have used primed reference characters to indicate those supports, partitions, blades, ports, etc., upon the reverse side of my construction.

The partition supports contain receiving chambers 523, 23 for the inletvsteam which enters through the upper casing' parts at 2t,

2l. rl'he partition supports also carry the inner and outer partitions, as at Q5, 26 and 25, 26 and receive intermediate annular partition rinus shown as three in number, 27, 28, 29 and 27 28', 29', upon which the annular partitions 30. 31, 32 and 30', 31,.

32', arei supported. The partitions at 'the same distance from the center on opposite sides. suoli as 31' and 31 are preferably duplicates but face oppositely. I

ldithin each of the receiving chambers for -inlet steannl place a ring cut-oil1 33 prefer- Upon ably connected with an annulus 3ft. some form of extension of the ring, as upon the annulus, I form an arc rack 35 engaged by spur 36, rotated by stub shaft 87, threadi ed at 35S 'andV carrying a non-circular head 39 at one end of a non-circular neck 3S at the other end. -The threading at 38 is intended to be suiiiciently tight within the opening to hold the spur in any position.

Consequently, the shaft may be turned to turn the ring to any desired extent and will retain the ring' cut-olf in anyposition. 'Vhile. the cons .ruct'ion described could be made to perforinthis `ii'unction, additional security is 'provided by jam nut- 40. ri"he thread at 38 makes ,the construction steamtight at this point. T he exhaust takes place through pipe ll from an annular exhaust chamber 42 within the ring.

The disk 22 carries two Series of annular blade holders, one series upon each side, here shown as four in veach series, 5, 16, 4'?, lil-8 and 45', 46, 47', 4Q. The holdens of the two sets attire same distance from the shaft,

such as 46 and 46',` are preferably duplicates but face oppositely.

, The inner partitions 25, 25', and the outer partitions 26, 26', as well as each of the intermediate partitions 30, 31, 32, and 30', 31', 32', are provided with ports numbered from the inner side outwardly as 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, and 49', 50', 51', 52', 53', of which 'all except and 53 are given a slant (with respect toa radius at that point) one way or the other according to the direction of intended rotation of the adj pining blades.

It will be evident that all of the ports upon one side of the disk 2l will slope in a clockwise direction and all those upon the other side in a counter clockwise; direction. In the form shown in Figs. l to 4, these successive sloping ports lie within nearly radial zones to coperate withblades whose outer and inner limiting surfaces are substantiiilly within radial lines. As distinguished from this, the poi-ts shown in the form of Figs. 5 are staggered, those of one set having their discharge openings substantially within the same radial line as those of the secend partition farther from the shaft and the discharge openings of intermediate partitions being in substantially another' radial line staggered with respect to the radial line within which the discharge openings of the ports of the adjoining partitions lie. .Thus in llig. 5 the outlets from the ports in alternate partitions will be substantially in line radially, while the outlets from the ports of intermediate partitions will lie between the radial lines generally corresponding to the outlets from the ports of the adjoining partitions. Many other combinations can obviously be effected.

To cooperate. with the two settings of ports shown in Fig. 4, for example, as contrasted with Fig. 5, two different types of blades are shown, the form in Fig. 4 comprising extended bases 54, 55, 5G, 57 and 54', 56', 57', spaced to allow inlets at 58 between the adjoining blades. The blades are concaved parallel .with the shaft and provide active faces 59, 60, 61, 62,and 59', 60',

61, 62', nearly perpendicular to the direction of the adjacent inlet ports.

It will be noted that the spacings between the outer edges of adjoining blades in the same set are much greater than the spaces between. the, bases of the same, allowing longer register of these outer spaces with the receiving ends of the discharge ports into the outer partition and giving;r room between the blades for the steam which has acted upon the rear faces of one set of blades to impinge upon the reflecting surfaces 63 which I provide in cavities 64 upon the inner cylindrical faces of the several partitions.

In assemblage the disk hub is placed upon the shaft and the blade holders and blades are'secured to the disk by any suitable means, as by screws 22', for example. The partitionslare fastenedv in the partition supports and the cut-off r-ingsare put in'place. The supports, partitions and rings are then placed upon the shaft on opposite sides of the disk and blades. friction bearing rings are next put upon the shaft.

lVithin the half casing l1 the stub shafts 38 are screwed and the spur gears are put on them. The shaft is then lowered to place and the bearing caps and upper casing parts are fitted about it.

In the passage of steam from the receiving chamber to its discharge, it enters the ports of the, inner partition 25 through openings G5 in the ring 33, the edges of the opening G5 as wellas of the adjoining ports being rounded in order that no abrupt edges may be presented whether the opening allowed. by the position of the ring be full or partial.

The steam passes through the inlet ports 49 against the first set of blades when their openings are opposite the outer ends of the inlet ports. The steam impinges against the faces 59 or 59' and as the blades turn it is then deflected against the inner surface of the next outer partition. In order to prevent reflection of the steam from this partition against the forward face of the next succeeding blade, tending to stop the rotation, I provide the cavities 64 of trianguiar or vcurved transverse section, the exact shape and size of which will depend upon various factors, including the exact contour and angular position of the surfaces 59 or 59', the distance from the shaft at which they are located and the distance between the adjoining blades. I design this cavity to present fixed surfaces which shall receive the rebound thrust of this steam and either return it to the space between the blades in such a direction that it shall not retard the next blades, or preferably return it upon the rear faces of the blades which it has just left, tending to further accelerate l the movement of the blade. During this portion of the movement ofthe blade just discussed, connection with the next outer steam space is cut off, with the result that the impetusr of the steam between the two blades of this innermost vset has been utilized and the steam has reached its normal expansion due to the size of this space betweenits blades before this space is connected with the port, 50 or 50' which is an exhaust to it but an inlet port for the next outer space. The steam between the first set of blades expands through these exhaust ports into the lspaces between the'next set of blades as soon a's the openings 58 therebetween register with the outlet ends of the ports 50, 50 when a' corresponding action takes place against the surfaces 60, of the next set of blades. There is corresponding temporary closure against exhaust from these l The stuffing boxes and anti if License spaces also and. corresponding reflection of the impact steam from the faces of the blades in the second series against the inner surfaces G3 of the nextouter (third) partition which reiiection is harmless, at least,

and preferably is directed against the rear surfaces of the blades which it has just leit, as .in the preceding case, getting a further beneiicial use from this steam.

The` spaces between the blades of each yseries of blades are larger ythan the spaces 51,51 which are their inlet ports (though discharge ports for the next preceding set el blades) the steam between the second st i of blades is exhausted and becomes dynamic for the next series of blades 'and this succession ol operations is repeated throughout as many series of blades as there are stages to my turbine.

The forms shown in Figs. 3 and 4, as well f as upon opposite sides of Fig. l aredirect reversals oi' each other and it is my intention te allow the one to coast when the other is working. The description which l have given would be equally true of each but the direction of rotation caused would be oplill posite.

I'recognize that 1t may not be necessary or 4desirable to have more than one dislr upon the same shaft and so show but one such disk. I recognize also that even where. a plurality of disks may be desired, it may not be best to place blades and partitions upon both; sides of each disk but show this form as .that most economical of space and materials. y

. -While Ishow equipment in size and power for rotation in one direction equal to that for rotation'in the other, I recognize that,

particularly where a plurality of disks are used the blades mounted upon them and partitions, used in connection with these blades may be greater in number or in size v-lor rotation in one direction than in the opposite.

ln the form shown in Fig. 5, the same principle is involved as in that shown in Figs. l to 4,'but the shape of blade is somewhat different and the space between each pair of blades exhausts into a space between f a pair ol blades relatively staggered in position with respectito a radius at this point in the stage beyond, instead of into a space between a` pair of blades in' substantially radial line from the space exhausting. The length of blade available toreceive the impact of the steam is reduced. in this form and for this reason the surface against which the steam engages lis formed more as a pocket than as' a. plane surface, as'will be evident from comparison of the surfaces 592, 602, 612 and 622, with the surfaces 59, 60, 6l' and 62. There is also a corresponding slight difference in the rear of each of thefblades where I prefer to project the base of cut-oil' 542, 552, 562 572 somewhat so that the rest of the blade shall be ofse't from it, as at 66, 67, 68 and 69. l This protects against vany engagement of the steam withy the rear surface of the blade7 as it enters.

it will be evident that the concrete illustrations which l have shown in response to the requirement of the statute are illustrative merely and that in view of the description and discussion thereof herein contained,

many other forms will suggest themselves to those skilled inthe art, in which forms a part, at least, of the beneiits of my invention may be secured.

It will be evident that the use of succes# sive cut-offs to prevent escape of steam from one compartment of a radially staged series will he of advantage in holding the steam therein until the force of the impact has been utilized,v and that this feature will prove desirable with widely variant forms of tur' bine blade.

it will be evident that recessing or concaving', or otherwise altering the face of a partition adjoiningthe blade to render the steam reflected therefrom harinless'at least and, preferably again useful, will be of advantage with widely variant arrangements of stages, with greatly diti'erent forms of blades and even where the cutoff is not used.

yters Patent is :f-

l. In a device of the character stated, a casing, a plurality of xed partitions therein .of successively increased diameter, forming annular channels between and having ports through the partitions terminating at their outer sidesat an angle, a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of blades mounted upon theldisk and revolving within the successive channels, the spaces between blades of adjoining sets, simultaneously registering in pairs with ports in the intervening' partitions to provide flow of steam from the spaces between one Jet of blades to spaces between the next outer set of blades during the time of simultaneous registry, .the blades of each set being provided with extended rar bases adjoining the inner partitions to form cut-offs for the ports closing the outer ends of said ports -in the partitions before the inner ends thereof are closed.

2. In a device of the character stated, a casing, a plurality of cylindrical, concentric, stationary partitions therein having ports therethrough and forming channels between the partitions at "ai'ying distances from the axis of the partitions, a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of blades upon the disk fitting within the channels between successive partitions having outlets from an inner set of blades and inlets to the next outer set of blades registering simultaneously in pairs with the respective adjoining ends of the partition ports and having the inlets to the inner set of blades and outlets from the outer set of blades closed diiringthis time of simultaneous registry.

3. In a device of the character stated, a casing, a pair of cylindrical partitions therein having ports for admission and discharge of vfluid to the space between the partitions and having at intervals about the inner surface of the outer partition faces at an angle to the cylindrical surface at this point, the surfaces at an angle being located between 1 the ports through this outer artition. a rois D tatable disk and a plurality of blades mounted upon the disk and adapted to revolve between the two partitions, said blades being provided with surfaces transverse to the line of direction offluid admitted through the ports of the inner partition.

si.. In a device of the character stated, a

casing, a pair of spaced concentric cylindrical partitions provided with poi'ts forming inlet and discharge passages to and from the space between, the inlet ends of the ports having a direction at an angle to the radius, a rotatable support and a plurality of blades upon the support revoluble in the space between the partitions and provided withl surfaces transverse to the direction of How of inlet fluid, the outer of said partitions having surfaces upon its interior at an angle to its cylindrical surface for receiving and refleeting fluid after iinpingenient ofsaid fiuid upon the rear surfaces of the blades.

5..In a device of the character stated, a casing, a plurality of cylindrical, concentric, stationary partitions having ports 'therethrough and forming channels between the partitions at varying distances from the vaxis of the partitions, the ports 1n adjoin- .ing partitions bein-g substantially in line radially, a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of blades upon the disk exceeding in number the number of ports and being a full multiple thereof, each space between blades of an inner set discharging into a i space between` blades of the next outer set out-of-line'radially with the space discharging.

.ports in partitions meses@ 1 through and forming channels between the partitions at varying distances from the axis of the partitionsgthe ports in successive partitions being substantially 1n line radially, a rotatable disk and a plurality ofv sets of blades upon the disk exceeding in number the number of ports and being a full multiple thereof, each space between blades of an inner set discharging into a space between blades of the next outer set out-of-line radially with the space discharging, and inner and outer spaces between blades being connected in pairs, as described, simultaneously through each'of the the intervening partition in turn. 7. In a device of the character stated, a

casing, a plurality of cylindrical, concentric, stationary partitions having ports therethrough and forming channels between the partitions at varying distances from the axis of the partitions, a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of blades upon the disk exceeding in number the number of ports and being a full multiple thereof, each space between blades of an inner set discharging into a space between blades of the next outer set out-of-line radially with the space discharging, and inner and outer spaces between blades being connected in pairs, as described, simultaneously through each of the ports in'the intervening partition in turn.

8. In a device of the character stated, a casing, a series of concentric, cylindrical partitions therein having ports therethrough at an angle to the radius, the ends of the ports emerging at the outer surfaces ofthe partitions nearly midway between radii through the interior ends of said ports and the interior ends of the next adjoining ports on the sides toward which the ports slope, in combination with a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of blades fitting between the partitions, the number of blades in each set being double the number of ports and each port discharging through the intervening partition from a space between blades of the inner set to a space vbetween blades in the outer set out-of-line radially with the space discharging. I

i). In a device of the character stated, a. casing, a series of concentric, cylindrical therein having ports therethrough at an angle to the radius, the ends of the .ports emerging at the outer surfaces of the partitions nearly midway between radii through the interior ends of said ports and theinterior ends of the next adjoining ports on the sidestoward which the ports slope, incombination with a rotatable disk and a plurality of sets of bladestting bein each set being double the number. of 'ports nieeee and each port discharging through the in tervening partition.. from a space between biades o?? the inner set to a space between blades in the outer set out-of-line radiallyk with. the space discharging, both the inner and outer spaces being otherwise closed during the discharge.

i0. In a device of the character stated, an enter casing and a pair of fixed, concentric, cylindrical partitions of dierent diameter mounted thereon, providing a space between the partitions and having ports through the partitions at an angle to the radius, in combination with a rotatable support and a plurality of inipeller blades mounted upon the support having the number of blades at least twice the number of ports in each of thev partitions, and an .exact multiple thereof.

l'l. in a device of the character stated, an outer Casin@ and a pair of fixed, concentric, cylindrical partitions of different diameter mounted thereon, providing a space between twice the number of ports in each of the partitions and an exact multiple thereof.

. l2. In a device of the character stated, an outer casing, a turbine therein having genn erally radial iiovv. and an interior steam chamber with ports along the outer boundary of the chamber in combination with. a cylindrical cut-ctia apertured in general correspondence with said ports, a threaded pin passing through the casing and gearing between the pin and the cylinder.

THOMAS W. GREEN. Witnesses Tnos. l). MowLDs, VUM. Srenlni,Jaonsoia1 

